Light, an omnipresent force, has captivated human fascination for centuries. From the dazzling brilliance of a sunrise to the refined hues of a twilight sky, light shapes our world in ways both apparent and unseen. Through the lens of science, we begin to grasp the intricate mechanisms that govern

Before the age of electricity illuminated our cities in a golden glow. Gaslamps cast eerie shadows on cobblestone streets, but inside homes, a different kind of light source reigned supreme: the pipe lamp. These ingenious devices, often constructed from simple materials like pipes and glass, offered